Turbulent water returning toward a pool’s skimmer after waves hit the wall, affecting swimmer stability.

Upward force exerted by water that keeps objects afloat, determined by displacement and density.

Study of forces and motion of water around objects, crucial for optimizing swim technique.

Visual indicators (tiles or signs) showing water depth to inform safe diving and entry practices.

Narrow, powerful channel of fast-moving water flowing away from shore, requiring swim-parallel escape techniques.

Designated lanes in a pool marked by ropes or lane lines to organize traffic and prevent collisions.

A layer in a body of water where temperature changes rapidly with depth, affecting swimmer comfort.

Classifications of surface water waves (wind-driven, swell, tsunami) with distinct origins and behaviors.